EXAM / Crypto assets

Crypto assets & blockchain

Beyond price: networks, ownership, custody and counterparties.

Interconnected modular units forming a network
Illustrative image. Not evidence of company-owned assets or facilities.

Digital assets connect technical systems with economic claims and market behaviour. Understanding one of these does not automatically explain the others.

What does the token represent?

A network token, a token linked to a reserve and a tokenised claim on an off-chain asset can have very different characteristics. The first question is what rights the holder has and how those rights can be exercised. Technology alone does not establish legal ownership of an external asset.

Custody and key management

Self-custody and third-party custody create different responsibilities. Relevant questions include who controls the keys, how access is recovered, who can authorise a transfer and what happens if a service provider fails. A record on a blockchain does not remove the risks of lost access, fraud or an intermediary’s insolvency.

Markets, liquidity and infrastructure

A displayed price may not be available for a large transaction. Trading depth, spreads, venue reliability and withdrawal restrictions affect practical access. Bridges, smart contracts and other components can introduce dependencies that are not visible from a token’s ticker or market capitalisation.

Research without a price promise

EXAM INVESTMENT examines technology, custody and counterparties alongside market conditions. High volatility, technical defects, fraud, regulatory change and total loss are possible. This page is educational and does not recommend a token, platform or trading strategy.

Further reading

General information only; not investment advice, an offer or a recommendation. Any participation is subject to eligibility, documentation and applicable permissions. Capital and returns are not guaranteed; some or all capital may be lost.